← Autodidact Archive · Original Dissent · Eendracht Maakt Mag
Thread ID: 6673 | Posts: 5 | Started: 2003-05-15
2003-05-15 04:31 | User Profile
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To those with only the most casual knowledge of ancient Egyptian civilization, the above question will no doubt appear ludicrous. But by delving deeper into questions and known facts relating to mankind's develop ment, the answer is affirmative to a considerable extent.
In 1939 professor Carleton Coon of Harvard University wrote a book called The Races of Europe. It runs to over 700 pages and is filled with pictures, charts, maps, diagrams, and scholarly footnotes.
In this book, Prof. Coon made a startling statement: "Queen Hetep-Heres II, of the Fourth Dynasty, the daughter of Cheops, the builder of the great pyramid, is shown in the colored bas reliefs of her tomb to have been a distinct blonde. Her hair is painted a bright yellow stippled with little red horizontal lines, and her skin is white. This is the earliest known evidence of blondism in the world."[1]
Where could the Egyptian blonds have come from? There are a number of possibilities: Libyans, megalith-builders, Sumerians, and people from the Cau casus Mountain-Ukraine area.
The ancient Libyans extended from the Canary Islands across North Africa to the Delta of the Nile. The western third of the Nile Delta was occupied by Libyans during the early years of recorded civilization.[2] Is it possible that a white Caucasian people may have composed the bulk of the ruling class in ancient Egypt?
Who were the Libyans and where did they come from? Prof. Coon tells us that during the Upper Paleolithic Era (30,000-5,000 B.C.) Eur ope and North west Africa were occupied by a people called the Cro-Mag nons.[3] These were perhaps the most physically advanced and handsome race the world has ever seen. Their skulls were larger and farther evolved from the apes than those of any modern race of men. In view of the fact that the modern distribution of Cro-Magnon features is most frequent in the same areas where red hair is most common, it is probable that many Cro-Magnons had red hair.
Today Cro-Magnon features are most frequently found in Norway, Ireland, and the Rif of Morocco.[4] The last-named region is occupied by descendants of the ancient Libyans. Coon tells us that in prehistoric times a group of Cro-Mag nons called the Afalou men occupied North Africa and that the Libyans were descended from them.[5] The modern Berbers are the remnants of the ancient Libyans. Coon tells us that many ancient Cro-Magnon skulls from Den mark and Sweden are identical to skulls from Afalou bou Rummel, in Algeria.[6] Braid wood says "Cro-Magnon people were tall and big-boned, with large, long, and rugged heads. They must have been built like many present-day Scandi navians." [7]
The Afalou men and Cro-Magnons had larger brains than modern men. Their skull volume (which scientists call "cranial capacity") was about 1,650 cubic centimeters.[8] The modern average world brain size is 1,326 cc.[9] Farmers who lived at Tushka, on the Nile, about 11,000 B.C., had an average cranial capacity of 1,452 cc.[10] This is almost identical to the brain size of modern northern Europeans, 1,453 cc.[11] Modern Cairo natives average only 1,302 cc.[12] But even this is more than the average of modern African blacks, 1,295 cc.[13]
At the time of the Afalou men, Africa south of the Sahara was populated by Rhodesian Man, who averaged 1,225 cc.[14] Over the millennia, the influx of blacks from south of the Sahara has caused the population of Egypt to become darker, and their brains to become smaller.
Ancient Egyptian paintings of Libyans depicted them as white, with blond hair, blue eyes and Nordic facial features.[15] The ancient Greek writer Scylax described the Libyans as blond.[16] Latin writers also described the Libyans as blond.[17] Many of the red-haired rulers of medieval Moslem Spain and North Africa were Berbers. Today, the ancient Libyan race still survives in remote parts of the Rif in Morocco and among the Kabyles of Algeria. Four percent of the Kabyles have red hair, compared with three percent of the people of Iceland and five percent of those in Ireland.[18]
Coon tells us that " . . . a Riffian Nordic could be mistaken for an Irishman or an Englishman, less easily for a Scandi navian."[19] Recent DNA testing bears this out. Berbers are more closely related to Englishmen than to any other people in either Africa or Europe.[20]
Coon writes "In one tribe, the Beni Saïd, the bulk of the series is composed of the imgharem, or members of the tribal council which was in session on the day of measuring; the heads of this august group have the remarkable dimensions, for North Africa, of 197 mm. by 148 mm. by 131 mm. To equal these diameters one would need normally to go to western Norway, to Ireland, or to the United States Senate."[21]
Professor Coon shows a photograph of "A very blond youth from the Senhajan tribe of Ktama, the most isolated spot in northern Morocco. Facially, he resembles a southern Swede . . . "[22]
Coon shows another photograph of a Riffian and under it writes "In pigment, in measurements, and morphologically, this Riffian is as perfect a Nordic as one could find in modern Europe. Nordics are as ancient in North Africa as the Egyptian monuments of the Middle Kingdom, and perhaps older. They survive today mostly in the mountains of the Rif, but others are found in the Canary Islands and the Djurdjura and Aures mountains of Algeria."[23] He tells us that 84 percent of a tribe of Kabyles in Algeria have mixed or light eyes; only 16 percent brown.[24]
As for the Shawia, he says: "The notable fact about the Shawia is that, in a metrical sense, they are identical with northwestern European Nordics. One could substitute the mean of the Shawia sample of Randall-Maciver and Wilkin for those of a characteristic eastern Norwegian province without serious discrepancy . . . The nasal profile shows Nordic tendencies; concave-convex forms like those common in England, are as frequent as straight . . . Against the prevailing brunetness of the Shawia stands a tradition that their ancestors were formerly much blonder, and that their brunet condition is due to mixture with outside Berber and Arab groups."[25]
Sir Flinders Petrie, known as "the father of Egyptology," had this to say: "The physiognomy gives a decisive pronounced connection between prehistoric Egypt and ancient Libya, and thus anthropology supports the many evidences which archeology has given for a close connection between Egypt and Libya."[26]
During the period just before the establishment of the First Dynasty 3100 B.C., Seth, King of Upper Egypt, and his brother Osiris were fighting for control of Egypt. Both were later made into gods. It is said of Seth "He was also associated with the Libyan desert and the Libyans . . . He is identified with Ash, the Libyan god. In the Old King dom he had some relation with Libya."[27] The great Egyptian historian Maspero says Seth "was red-haired and white-skinned, of violent, gloomy, and jealous temper. Secretly he aspired to the crown . . . "[28]
Horus was the name of the Egyptian Sun god. The early pharaohs used the title "Horus," not Pharaoh. It is interesting to note in this connection that the ancient Russians also worshipped a sun god by the name of Horus. This may indicate that followers of Horus came from Russia.
The ancient Egyptians made Seth the god of the underworld. Menes, the first pharaoh, who may have been of Libyan descent, carried on military operations against the Libyans in the western Nile Delta who were independent of the rest of Egypt.
"Plutarch tells us that these Set people were men of red hair, and that may be a reference to some Libyan factions who are known for this trait."[29] Lepre continues: "The Set people, although primarily situated at their capital city of Shash otpe, were apparently scattered through out all of Egypt. Legends place them in the town of Sesesu in the Fayum, where the god Set was said to have been born; in the marshes of the Delta; and at a city called Avaris, also in the Delta. They also resided between Luxor and Aswan, specifically at El Kab and Esneh, and on the banks of the Nile in the Eleventh Province, but they eventually settled in great numbers at Ombos, where they erected a great temple to Set. Here can be found vast cemeteries dating to the period prior to Dynasty I." As the ruling class of Egypt declined, they were replaced by invaders. A monument discovered by M. Mariette says that blond Libyan invaders established themselves in Lower Egypt in the 7th Century B.C. and put Psammeticus in power as the new pharaoh. The 22nd Dynasty was founded by a Nubian family of Libyan descent. People with red hair were called "Set-people" and were used in human sacrifices. Their god Set (or Seth) was made into a devil.
"Communities of Set people seem to have been scattered throughout Egypt, but their main capital was at Ombos, a short way up the river from This. They maintained their independence through much of Egypt's early history."[30] During the Second Dynasty (2890-2686 B.C.) the Set people revolted and briefly ruled over all of Egypt. John Romer, describing a Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 B.C.) papyrus, tells us "Followers of Seth, says Kenhirk hope shef's papyrus, were readily identifiable in society by their appearance and behavior. Commonly they had red faces and red hair, and they were violent and often lonely people who drank to excess."[31] Further evidence of Libyan influence is the fact that the ancient Egyptian language was very similar to Libyan.
Around 2840 B.C. there was a rebellion of Set people centered around the town called Edfu. This is significant because Edfu is where some of the few megaliths found in Egypt are located. A very ancient and beautiful temple called the Osireion, which was built in the mega lithic style, is in nearby Abydos, where Pharaoh Perabsen was to actually convert to the Seth religion a few years later.
What is a megalith? A megalith is a structure built with huge stones, like Stonehenge in England. Who were the megalith builders? They were people with a unified culture who loved sailing the sea and founding new colonies of megalith builders. Megaliths are found in southern Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Brittany, Spain, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and in North Africa. In other words, they are found all along the Atlantic coasts and the Mediterranean. Von Lichtenberg found a megalith at Edfu, in Egypt. Cromlechs and dolmens (two types of megaliths) were built at Maadi, near Cairo.[32]
Scholars have long noted the similarities between the megalithic culture and that of the ancient Egypt ians. It was once thought that the megalith-builders were emigrants from Egypt.
It is not widely known that there are structures like the pyramids in England and France. Silbury Hill, near Stone henge, looks at first glance like a natural hill. But on closer inspection one notices the perfect shape, somewhat like a pyramid. Excavations have yielded more surprises.[33] Blocks of chalk were used to build a seven-tiered ziggurat; then rubble was added to smooth the walls. Later vegetation grew on it. A ziggurat is a step pyramid, like the first pyramids of Egypt. The famous pyramid of Djoser was built as a ziggurat.
One recent popular theory involved an Egyptian scientific expedition going to England and setting up an astronomical observatory at Stonehenge. When the leader died, a pyramid was supposedly built for him at Silbury Hill, twenty miles away.[34]
Actually, it was built around 2750 B.C., long before any ziggurats or pyramids were built in Egypt or the Middle East.[35] Silbury Hill contains 250,000 cubic meters of chalk. It has been calculated that it took 18 million man-hours to build. It is the largest man-made mound in Europe.
As recently as 1974 a very popular book calledThe Sphinx and the Megaliths was published expounding a similar point of view. This book points out that the megaliths and the pyramids were deliberately aligned to make complicated astronomical observations. It would have taken a knowledge of university-level mathematics to build either Stonehenge or the Great Pyramid at Giza. Furthermore, the systems of measurement had to have the same origin, since one megalithic yard was precisely equal to the square root of five Egyptian "remens." The square root of 5 (2.23607) was a very important number in Egyptian engineering.[36] The diagonal of a two-by-one remen rectangle is precisely one megalithic yard.
It is also interesting that one of the most spectacular megalithic sites is at Carnac, in Brittany, and that spectacular Egyptian temples were built at Karnak, in Egypt. In England, earthen structures were made similar to Middle Eastern pyramids. "Silbury Hill was a complex of engineering involving advanced methods of construction similar to those used in the Egyptian pyramids . . . with such accuracy that the center of the topmost layer is within two-and-a-half inches of a vertical line drawn through the center of the base."[37]
Let us hear what other authors have said about the Megaliths. "The Passage chamber tomb which is the primary and original 'megalithic' type in the West was characteristic in all the early centers of higher civilization. The rock-cut tomb of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and the excavated dromos tombs of Early and Middle Minoan Crete are obviously parallel in plan and function and the fact that many of the finest Iberian tombs were excavated in the ground is of great importance."[38]
"Sophus Mueller has claimed that all the techniques and decorative elements employed in the finer wares of the Western megalithic cultures were developed at the eastern end of the Mediter ranean. In the Egyptian and Nubian wares of the Old Kingdom comb im prints, encrusted bands, triangles and diamonds, and the fine burnishing of black wares were fully developed and continued in use for long periods."[39] Mélida has also shown remarkable similarities between the rich ornament of the southwest Iberian beakers and that of Old Kingdom painted and encrusted wares in Egypt."[40]
The following items found with megaliths resemble similar objects found in Egypt: twin-lobed stone pendants, flat schist plaques, trapezoidal flint arrow-heads and rare flint halberds, ivory sandals, bone and ivory combs, pottery in Spanish megaliths similar to Badarian pottery in Egypt and low carinated bowls which resemble the beautiful stone bowls of Late Predynastic Egypt and Early Minoan Crete. Carinated bowls were a leading tomb ware in Brittany.[41]
As for Spanish megaliths, Mackie said "Nilotic prototypes have also been suggested for the schist plaques and croziers of the southwest. The tanged daggers and flat copper celts of Almeria and Algarve are of the same forms that were being made in Egypt, Troy and Cyprus in the early part of the 3rd millennium."[42] Wheeler remarked that the analogy between the chambered tombs of Wales and the Mastabas (ziggurats) of Egypt was "too close to be altogether accidental."[43]
However, the theory that the megalith builders were Egyptians was shattered once and for all in the late 1960s. The new system of carbon dating reveals that the megaliths began before civilization had even started in Egypt. The first megaliths were built in Brittany (the northwestern tip of France) in the 5th millennium B.C.[44] From their home in Brittany, the megalith-builders sailed in all directions and founded colonies. Stonehenge I and Silbury Hill were built earlier than the Great Pyramid at Giza, which although the best pyramid, was also one of the first.
The great pyramids were all built in a span of 100 years, around 2600 B.C. The pyramids built after this were smaller and of inferior design, and sometimes fell apart. Objects found in the megalithic tombs of Western Europe are now dated as older than corresponding objects found in Egypt and the Near East. This can only mean one thing-the megalith-builders sailed to Egypt and brought with them the technology that built the pyramids. Perhaps the mysterious Imhotep, the universal genius who designed the pyramids and brought many other technological improvements to Egypt, was of the megalith-builders.
Khufu, or Cheops, the builder of the Great Pyramid, had a wife,[45] a daughter,[46] and a daughter-in-law[47] with reddish-blond hair. We know this because color portraits were painted in their tombs. The Pharaoh Chephren, who built a pyramid next to the Great Pyramid, had a wife with reddish-blond hair and blue eyes.[48] The tomb of the wife of Zoser, the builder of the first pyramid in Egypt, has a painting of her showing her with reddish-blond hair.[49] Could some of the pyramid-building pharaohs have married Megalithic women?
We must not forget that many of the ancient Libyans were megalith builders. An interesting article on this subject was written by Faidherbe called "Megalithic Tombs and the Blonds of Libya."[50] Another article, by A.H. Sayce,[51] is very interesting, although his dates are wrong, according to more recent research.
The following is a quotation from Sayce's article in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: "On Egyptian monuments, which date back to the sixteenth century before our era, the Libyan tribes of this district are depicted as white. Their descendants are still to be found in the mountainous parts of the coast, those of Algeria being commonly known under the name of Kabyles. I saw a good deal of them last winter, and must confess to being greatly struck by their appearance.
"I had known, of course, that they belonged to the white race and were characterized by blue eyes and light hair, but I was not prepared to find that their complexion was of that transparent whiteness which freckles readily and is supposed to mark the so-called red Kelt. They are dolichocephalic [long-headed], and as their skulls agree with those discovered in the pre-historic cromlechs of Rocknia [in Algeria] and other places it is plain that their distinctive features are not due, as was formerly supposed, to inter-mixture with the Vandals." Here we see modern redheads in North Africa living near ancient megaliths.
"The cromlechs in which they buried their dead are quite as remarkable as their physical characteristics. Cromlechs of a similar shape are found extending through Spain and Western France from the northern part of the British Isles. Since dolichocephalic skulls occur in connection with them, while the physical characteristics of the modern Kabyle resemble so strikingly those of a particular portion of the modern Irish population, we seem driven to infer that the Kabyle and the 'red Kelt' are alike fragments of a race that once spread from Scotland and Ireland to the northern coast of Africa and interred its dead in chambers formed of five large blocks of stone." Again, it is just such a chamber that was found at Edfu, a leading settlement of the red-haired Set-people in Egypt.
Professor Coon tells us that the megalithic people, in whatever country they might be found, were always characterized by a distinctive racial type which he calls the Megalithic Race. This race appears to be a hybrid between Nordic and Cro-Magnoid.[52]
The people who built the pyramids were definitely seafarers. A huge boat was buried next to the Great Pyramid at Giza. The Norwegian anthropologist and explorer Thor Heyerdahl built an exact copy of it. He called it the Ra after the Egyptian sun god. It was so well built that he and his crew were able to sail across the Atlantic Ocean in it.
Drawings of boats with cabins and square sails have been found on megaliths in Brittany, where the first megaliths were built around 4800 B.C. Similar drawings have been found on megaliths in Malta, an island in the middle of the Mediterranean which is closer to Egypt than it is to Brittany. Drawings of the same kind of boat have been found in Egypt that have been dated to the Predynastic period, before 3100 B.C.[53]
Who ruled Egypt? What were the racial types of the ruling class of Ancient Egypt and their slaves? Even anti-Nordic physical anthropologists have admitted that blond hair was not uncommon in Ancient Egypt. For example, Edouard Naville said, "The views of the numerous experts who have studied Egyptian skulls are definitely conflicting. However, they are unanimous at one point. They all agree that the Egyptians were not Negroes, that they had long hair, generally black, but sometimes fair, and that prognathism [projected jaw] sometimes appeared."[54]
Frédéric Falkenburger compiled and analyzed all known skull measurements from Ancient Egypt and calculated that 10 percent of them were purely Cro-Magnoid and 15 percent partly Cro-Magnoid. Fifteen percent were largely of the Megalithic race. Most of the rest were racially Mediterranean. There were also Negroids.[55] Professor Raymond A. Dart, famous for his discoveries of primate fossils in Africa, once did a mathematical analysis of the measurements of 2,861 Egyptian skulls.[56] He found 280, or 10 percent, were Nordic; 128, or five percent, were Armenoid. This is the "Jewish," "Leba nese" or "Near Eastern" type. He points out that many Egyptian skulls must be Nordic because they are ellipsoidal (oval), dolichocephalic (long-headed), hypsicephalic (high-headed) and macrocephalic (large-headed).
The only race with all these traits is the Nordic. The bulk of the population was of the brown Mediterranean race, which differs from the Nordic in being orthocephalic (of moderate skull height) instead of high-headed, medium-headed instead of long-headed, and pentagonoid (shaped a bit like a pentagon when seen from above) instead of ellipsoidal. Dart traces four major Nordic invasions of Egypt, the first being the Bada rian of pre-dynastic times. Grad ually, the Nordics arrived less frequently, until a new invasion replenished them.
Dart tells us that the Nordic race is "the Egyptian Pharaonic type." He describes the head of Rameses II, which he calls "pelagic ellipsoidal or Nordic" and says, "It is found in earlier times in Pepi I and other kings of Egypt." He doesn't mention it, but the mummy of Rameses II has yellow hair too.[57] Under a microscope his hair form is Nordic too. This pharaoh was once thought to be the contemporary of Moses.
In 1993 a group of anthropologists did an exhaustive study of the racial make-up of the ancient Egyptians. Their article was entitled "Clines and Clusters vs 'Race': A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile," and appeared in the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. Anthropologic measurements of 25 different groups of skeletons from around the world, from ancient to modern times, were statistically analyzed to see which groups were most similar to ancient Egyptians. In their own words, this is what the researchers concluded. "As a whole, they show ties with the European Neolithic, North Africa, modern Europe, and, more remotely, India, but not at all with sub-Saharan Africa, eastern Asia, Oceania or the New World." The group of skeletons which most closely resembled the ancient Egyptians was that from the French Neolithic.
A British Museum publication has this to say about its collection of little statues and figurines: "The oldest representatives of ruling Egyptians . . . show remarkably a definitely central or even north European type . . . Bone carvings of women, made right before the beginning of civilization, show blue eyes. A funerary mask with attributes of the goddess Isis shows a vivid blue-green color of eyes."[58]
We even have considerable direct evidence in the form of blond and red hair, which has been preserved for thousands of years. Before we examine these in detail, let us first answer a question which is often asked: "Couldn't some chemical action of the soil cause hair to turn blond?" If the desert soil turned hair blond, then how do we account for the blond and red-haired mummies buried in tombs and pyramids which have never touched the soil? And why do we find bodies with black hair, brown hair, blond hair and white hair lying side by side who are buried under the same conditions in the same soil?
How do we explain the fact that much of the hair has a fine texture and under a microscope has the same appear ance as Nordic hair? How do we explain the fact that many species of animals, including the Egyptian species of cats and bulls, which the Egyptians mummified and buried, have retained their natural hair colors? How do we explain the fact that pigtails of red and black hair wrapped around each other retained their natural hair colors after thousands of years in the Peruvian desert?
Thor Heyerdahl once asked these questions of W.R. Dawson, the world's foremost expert on mummies, who had spent a lifetime studying tens of thousands of mummies from many parts of the world and had written many books and articles about them. This was his answer: "From the examination of a large number of mummies from both Egypt and other countries including South America, my opinion is that hair does not undergo any marked change post-mortem. The hair of a wavy or curly individual remains curly or wavy, and that of a straight-haired person remains straight.
"In mummies and desiccated bodies the hair has a tendency to be crisp and brittle, but this is the natural result of a drying-up of the sebaceous glands, which during life, feed fatty matter into the hair follicles which keeps the hair supple and flexible. It seems unlikely to me that any change in color would take place in a body which had never been exposed to light. To sum up then, all the evidence I have indicates that the nature of hair does not alter after death except in becoming dry and brittle."[59]
Sir Wallis Budge, whose translation of the Egyptian Book of the Dead can still be seen in many bookstores, wrote, "The predynastic Egyptians; that is to say, that stratum of them which was indigenous to North Africa, belonged to a white or light-skinned race with fair hair, who in many particulars resembled the Libyans . . . "[60] Budge had seen many of their unmummified, but well-preserved, bodies which were buried in the bone-dry Egyptian desert, which is remarkable for its preservative qualities. The mummy of the wife of King Tutankhamen has auburn hair.[61] A mummy with red hair, red mustache and red beard was found by the pyramids at Saqqara.[62] Red-haired mummies were found in the crocodile-caverns of Aboufaida.[63] The book History of Egypt ian Mummies mentions a mum my with reddish-brown hair.[64] The mummies of Rameses II[65] and Prince Yuaa[66] have fine silky yellow hair. The mummy of another pharaoh, Thothmes II, has light chestnut-colored hair.[67]
An article in a leading British anthropological journal states that many mummies have dark reddish-brown hair.[68] Professor Vacher De Lapouge described a blond mummy found at Al Amrah, which he says has the face and skull measurements of a typical Gaul or Saxon.[69] A blond mummy was found at Kawamil along with many chestnut-colored ones.[70] Chestnut-haired mummies have been found at Silsileh.[71] The mummy of Queen Tiy has "wavy brown hair."[72] Unfortunately, only the mummies of a very few pharaohs have survived to the 20th century, but a large proportion of these are blond.
The Egyptians have left us many paintings and statues of blondes and redheads. Amenhotep III's tomb painting shows him as having light red hair.[73] Also, his features are quite Euro pean. A farm scene from around 2000 B.C. in the tomb of the nobleman Mek etre shows redheads.[74] An Egyptian scribe named Kay at Sakkarah around 2500 B.C. has blue eyes.[75] The tomb of Menna (18th Dynasty) at West Thebes shows blond girls.[76] The god Horus is usually depicted as white. He is very white in the Papyrus Book of the Dead of Lady Cheritwebeshet (21st Dyna sty), found in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. [77]
A very striking painting of a yellow-haired man hunting from a chariot can be found in the tomb of Userhet, Royal Scribe of Amenophis II.[78] The yellow-haired man is Userhet. The same tomb has paintings of blond soldiers. The tomb of Menna also has a wall painting showing a blond man supervising two dark-haired workers scooping grain.[79]
The Funerary stele (inscribed stone slab) of Priest Remi clearly shows him as having red hair,[80] although he couldn't have been a priest of Set at such late date. A common good luck charm was the eye of Horus, the so-called Wedjat Eye.[81] The eye is always blue, and the word "wedjat" means "blue" in Egyptian. A very attractive painting is found on the wall of a private tomb in West Thebes from the 18th Dynasty. The two deceased parents are white people with black hair. Mourning them are two pretty fair-skinned girls with light blond hair and their red-haired older brother.[82]
Queen Thi is painted as having a rosy complexion, blue eyes and blond hair.[83] She was co-ruler with her husband Amenhotep III and it has been said of their rule, "The reign of Amenhotep III was the culminating point in Egyptian history, for never again, in spite of the exalted efforts of the Ramessides, did Egypt occupy so exalted a place among the nations of the world as she had in his time."[84]
Paintings of people with red hair and blue eyes were found at the tomb of Bagt in Beni Hassan.[85] Many other tombs at Beni Hassan have paintings of individuals with blond and red hair, as well as blue eyes.[86] Paintings of blonds and redheads have been found among the Tombs at Thebes.[87] Blond hair and blue eyes were painted at the tomb of Pharaoh Menphtah in the Valley of the Kings.[88] Paintings from the Third Dynasty show native Egyptians with red hair and blue eyes.[89] They are shepherds, workers and bricklayers. A blond woman was painted at the tomb of Djeser-ka-re-seneb in Thebes.[90] A model of a ship from about 2500 B.C. is manned by five blond sailors.[91] The god Nuit was painted as white and blond.[92] A painting at the tomb of Meresankh III at Giza, from about 2485 B.C., shows white skin and red hair.[93] Two statues from about 2570 B.C., found in the tombs at Medum, show Prince Rahotep and his wife Nofret. He has light green stones for eyes. She has violet-blue stones.[94] A painting from Iteti's tomb at Saqqara shows a very Nordic-looking man with blond hair.[95] Grafton Smith mentions the distinctly red hair of the 18th Dynasty mummy Henutmehet.[96]
Coon tells us that "many of the officials, courtiers, and priests, representing the upper class of Egyptian society but not the royalty, looked strikingly like modern Europeans, especially long-headed ones." (Note: Nordics are long-headed.)[97]
Time-Life books recently put out a volume called Rameses II The Great. It has a good picture of the blond mummy of Rameses II. Another picture can be found in the book X-Raying the Pharaohs, especially the picture on the jacket cover. It shows his yellow hair. A book called Chronicle of the Pharaohs was recently published showing paintings, sculptures and mummies of 189 pharaohs and leading personalities of Ancient Egypt. Of these,102 appear European, 13 look black and the rest are hard to classify. All nine mummies look European. The very first pharaoh, Narmer, also known as Menes, looks very European. The same can be said for Khufu's cousin Hemon, who designed the Great Pyramid of Giza. A computer-generated reconstruction of the face of the Sphinx shows a European-looking face.[98] It was once painted sunburned red.[99] The Egyptians often painted upper class men as red and upper class women as white; this because the men became surnburned or tanned while outside under the burning Egyptian sun. The women, however, usually stayed inside.
Hopefully, the interested reader will find value in the evidence gathered in this article. The anthropologists and scientific investigators cited here obtained their evidence in a spirit of dedicated professionalism, and without any socio-political motivation one way or another. Their revelations answer, to a very considerable extent, many of the questions and mysteries surrounding mankind's development. v
FOOTNOTES
[1] Coon, Carleton Stevens. The Races of Europe. New York City, Macmillan. 1939, p.98. [2] Kink, K.A., Yegipet Do Faraonov. Moscow, Nauka, 1964, p. 27. [3] Coon, op. cit., p. 41 [4] Ibid, p. 294. [5] Ibid, pp. 40-44, 467. [6] Ibid, p. 124. [7] Braidwood, Robert J., Prehistoric Men. Glen view, Illinois, Scott Foresman & Co., 1964, p. 26. [8] Phillipson, David W., African Archaeology, N.Y., N.Y., Cambridge University Press, 1985, p. 92. [9] Rushton, J. Philippe, Race, Evolution, and Behav ior. New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Publishers, 1995, p. 131. [10] Hoffman, Michael, Egypt Before the Pharaohs. N.Y., N.Y., Barnes & Noble Books, 1993, p. 93. [11] Rushton, op. cit., p. 124. [12] Ibid, p. 119. [13] Id, p. 119. [14] Birdsell, Joseph Benjamin, Human Evolution: An Introduction to the New Physical Anthro pol ogy. Chicago, Rand McNally College pub. Co., 1975, p. 334 [15]a. Pietrement, "Note sur la valeur des renseignements que les anciennes peintures egyptiennes peuvent fournir aux naturalistes aux ethnographes et aux historiens," Bulletin de la Societe d' Anthropologie de Paris, 1883, p. 862.
b. Precis de l'Histoire d'Egypte Vol. 1. Cairo, L'Imprimerie de l'Institut Francais d'Archiologie Orientale du Caire, 1932. p. 68. [16]De Lapouge, G. Vacher, L'Aryen, Sa Vie Sociale. Paris, Pichat, 1899, p. 862. [17] Ibid, p. 185. [18] Coon, op. cit., p. 478 [19] Id, p. 482. [20] Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Menozzi, Paolo; and Piazza, Alberto; The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1994, pp. 75,76. [21] Coon, op. cit., p. 481. [22] Id, Plate 10 caption. [23] Id, Plate 30 caption. [24] Id, p. 478. [25] Id, p. 477. [26] Petrie, W.M. Flinders, "The Races of Egypt", Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. XXXI, 1901, p. 252. [27] Sperber, Daniel, "The Discovery of a Temple of Meremptah at On," Antiquity, volume 53, 1973, p. 19. [28] Maspero, G., History of Egypt. London, The Grolier Society, 1903. [29] Lepre, J.P., The Egyptian Pyramids, A Comprehensive, Illustrated Reference. Jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland & Co., 1990. [30] Silverberg, Robert, Before the Sphinx; Early Egypt. N.Y., N.Y., T. Nelson, 1971, p. 71. [31] Romer, John, Ancient Lives, Daily Life in Egypt of the Pharaohs. N.Y., N.Y., Henery Holt & Co., 1984, p. 66. [32] Von Lichtenberg, R., "Die arische Buchstabenschreibenentwicklung und ihre fernere Ausdehnung", Mannus, vol. 4, 1912, p. 300. [33] Castleden, Rodney, The Stonehenge People, An Exploration of Life In Neolithic Britain 4700-2000 BC. N.Y., N.Y., Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987, p. 237. [34] Burenhult, Goran, general editor, People of the Stone Age. San Francisco, CA, Harper, 1993, p. 129. [35] Id., p. 129 (same page) [36] Ivimy, John, The Sphinx and the Megaliths. London, Turnston, 1974, p. 132. [37] Ibid, pp. 84-85. [38] Forde, Daryll, "Early Cultures of Atlantic Eur ope." American Anthropologist Vol. 32, 1950, p.53. [39] Ibid, p. 56. [40] Id, p. 53. [41] Id, p. 56. [42] Mackie, Euan, The Megalith Builders. N.Y., N.Y., Dutton, 1977, pp.191-192. p. 41. [43] Wheeler, R.E.M., Prehistoric and Roman Wales. London, Oxford University Press, 1925. [44]a. Mohen, Jean-Pierre, The World of Megaliths. N.Y., N.Y., Facts on File, 1990, pp. 70-79.
b. Joussaume, Rober, Dolmens for the Dead. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1988, p. 129. [45] Propylaean Weltgeschichte, 1961. [46] Tompkins, Peter, Secrets of the Great Pyramid. N.Y., Harper and Row, 1971, p. 143. [47] Coon, op. cit., p. 98. [48] Heyerdahl, Thor, The Ra Expeditions. Garden City, Doubleday, 1971, p. 249. [49] Id, same page. [50] Faidherbe, "Sur les Tombeaux Megalithiques et sur les Blonds de la Libye." Bulletin de la Societe d' Anthropologie de Paris, ca. 1869, p. 532. [51] Sayce, A.H., "Anthropological Miscellenia," Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. XVII, 1888, p.175. [52] Coon, op. cit., p. 85. [53] a. Hoffman, op. cit., pp. 243-245.
b. Wernick,Robert, The Monument Builders. N.Y.,Time-Life Books, 1973,pp.69-70.
c. Joussaume, op. cit. p. 118. [54] Naville, Edouard, "The Origin of Egyptian Civilization," Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. XXXVII, 1907, p. 205. [55] Falkenburger, Frederic, "La Composition Raciale de l' Ancienne Egypt," Anthropologie vol. 51, 1947, p. 242. [56] Dart, Raymond A., "Population Fluctuations over 7,000 years in Egypt," Transactions of the Roy al Society of South Africa vol. XXVVII, 1940, p. 95. [57]a. Egypt: Land of the Pharaohs, Time-Life books, Alexandria, VA., 1992, p. 8.
b. Smith, G. Elliot and Dawson, Warren R., Egyptian Mummies. London, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1924, p. 99. [58] A General Introduction to the Egyptian Collections in the British Museum. London, Har rison and Sons, 1930, p. 24. See also 1975 edition. [59] Heyerdahl, Thor, American Indians in the Pacific. London, George Allen and Unwin, 1952, p. 323. This book also has colored plates of red-haired mummies from Peru. [60] Budge, Vol. I, op. cit., p. 49. [61] Carter, Michael, Tutankhamun, The Golden Monarch. N.Y., 1972, p. 68. [62] Smith and Dawson, op. cit., pp. 80-81. [63] Tomkins, Henry George, Remarks on Mr. Flinders Petrie's Collection of Ethnographic Types from the Monuments of Egypt," Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. XVIIII, 1889, p. 216. [64] Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph, History of Egyptian Mummies. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1834, P. xvi. [65] Smith and Dawson, op. cit., p. 99. [66] Id, p.97. [67] Budge, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 216. [68] Macalister, A., "Notes on Egyptian Mummies," Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. XXIII, 1894, p. 120. [69] De Lapouge, op. cit., p. 207. [70] Ibid, p. 208. [71] Id, same page. [72] National Geographic Society, Ancient Egypt, Discovering its Splendors, 1978, p. 24. [73] Ibid, p. 103. [74] Claiborne, Robert, The Birth of Writing, N.Y., Time-Life Books, 1974, pp. 98-99. [75] Strouhal, Eugen, Life of the Ancient Egyptians, Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Press, 1992, p. p. 53. [76] Ibid, p. 26. [77] Id, p. 107. [78] Id, p. 120. [79] Id, p. 216. [80] Id, p. 247. [81] Id, p. 251. [82] Id, p. 259. [83] Hamy, E.T., "Races Humaines de la Vallée du Nil," Bulletin de la Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris, 1886, p.739. [84] Budge, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 183. [85] Hamy, E.T., "La Figure Humaine dans l'Ancienne Ãâ°gypte" Bulletin et Memoires de la Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris 1907, p. 29. [86] Id, same page. [87] Groenewegen, H. and Ashmole, Frankfort, Art of the Ancient World. N.Y., Harry N. Abrams, Inc., no date. See color plates. [88] Hamy 1907, op. cit., p.33 [89] Pijoan, Jose, Historia del Arte Vol. III, Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1932, plate XI. [90] Pietrment, op. cit., p. 862. [91] Groenewegen, op. cit., Colorplate 2. [92] Champollion, H., Le Nil et la Societe Egyptienne. Marseille, Musée Boreby, 1973, p. 94 [93] Vandersleyen, Claude, Das Alte Aegypten, Berlin, Propylaean Verlag, 1975, plate XIX. [94] Westendorf, Wolfhart, Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, New York, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1968, pp. 34, 35. [95] Ibid, p. 65. [96] Strouhal, op. cit. p. 88. [97] Coon, op. cit., p. 96. [98] Egypt: Land of the Pharaohs, op. cit., p. 67 [99] Silverberg, op. cit., p. 168.
Source: The Barnes Review, 1(14) 1995 , pp. 3-10.
2003-05-15 06:40 | User Profile
Prodigal Son,
Great Post. Here are some related threads.
Evidence of Fair Hair & Blue Eyes in ancient Egypt [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=5337&hl=egypt]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...t=5337&hl=egypt[/url]
NORTH AFRICANS ARE NOT BLACK [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=958&hl=]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...&f=11&t=958&hl=[/url]
The Ancient Nubians and Ethiopians were Caucasoid [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=6792&hl=egypt]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...t=6792&hl=egypt[/url]
In Quest of Our Linguistic Ancestors The Elusive Origins of the Indo-European [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=4801&hl=egypt]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...t=4801&hl=egypt[/url]
Some threads on "Afro-centrists" Trash!
"The Journal of the Moorish Paradigm" More of those so-called "Moors". [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=1256&hl=]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...f=11&t=1256&hl=[/url]
Richard Poe sick Neocon!!!! False Historian. editor of David Horowitz's FrontPagemag. [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=953&hl=]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...&f=11&t=953&hl=[/url]
2003-05-15 09:20 | User Profile
Originally posted by Prodigal Son@May 15 2003, 04:31 ** However, the theory that the megalith builders were Egyptians was shattered once and for all in the late 1960s. The new system of carbon dating reveals that the megaliths began before civilization had even started in Egypt. The first megaliths were built in Brittany (the northwestern tip of France) in the 5th millennium B.C... **
Academic food-fight alert!
There's a big fight going on about these dates right now. An American geologist (erosion specialist) has caused a furor by noting that the pyramids and especially the sphinx are far older than previously believed and he has serious evidence to back it up.
Let 'em fight. One fact not in dispute is that they have carbon dated milled wheat found stored in the Nile valley to about 9,000 BC. Egyptian civ seems older than everyone thought, whatever dates are finally arrived at for the pyramids.
The mummies I saw were redheads, very light red. The article mentions that Tut's wife had auburn hair. Tut's wife was also Nefertiti's daughter, and if you ever take a good look at the famous bust of Nefertiti it's obvious she was a redhead.
2003-05-15 21:36 | User Profile
Ragnar,
A lot of stuff has been found much of it un-PC.
And on a related note.
A cradle in the wrong place We have all been taught that the cradle of civilization was in the Middle East, but a prehistoric village in the south of France suggests that Europe has a rival claim
[url=http://www.michaelbradley.bigstep.com/articles/wrongplace.htm]http://www.michaelbradley.bigstep.com/arti.../wrongplace.htm[/url]
Also see:
New Nation News - European Pre-History News [url=http://www.newnation.org/NNN-prehistory.html]http://www.newnation.org/NNN-prehistory.html[/url]
Also see:
MARCH OF THE TITANS A HISTORY OF THE WHITE RACE WHITE EGYPT [url=http://www.white-history.com/egypt.htm]http://www.white-history.com/egypt.htm[/url]
White Egyt Picture Gallerys
[url=http://www.white-history.com/egg1.htm]http://www.white-history.com/egg1.htm[/url]
[url=http://www.white-history.com/egg2.htm]http://www.white-history.com/egg2.htm[/url]
[url=http://www.white-history.com/egg3.htm]http://www.white-history.com/egg3.htm[/url]
And I don't agree with every thing in this book, but most of it is great.
Problems with Arthur Kemp's "MARCH OF THE TITANS" [url=http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php?act=ST&f=11&t=7863]http://forum.originaldissent.com/index.php...=ST&f=11&t=7863[/url]
2003-05-16 08:37 | User Profile
Faust,
March of the Titans is indeed a great piece of work. Whatever its flaws it's the most readable introduction to our history I have seen. It seems to be an excellent resource for young people too.