Egypt’s military rulers seized broad legislative powers after the country’s supreme constitutional court dissolved both chambers of the country’s first democratically elected parliament on Thursday in what analysts and critics said amounted to a coup d’état.
The move came after the constitutional court ruled that a third of seats in the lower house were invalid, plunging the country into into
deep political uncertainty
two days before presidential elections. It in effect cancels an Islamist-dominated parliament assembled painstakingly over months of elections and hailed as a triumph of democracy by the international community.
This weekend’s run-off pits
Ahmed Shafiq
, a stalwart of the ousted regime of
Hosni Mubarak
, against
Mohamed Morsi
, an Islamist party leader despised by Egypt’s old guard.
Mr Morsi, speaking hours after the ruling, delivered an unusually fiery speech condemning what he described as a corrupt clique’s attempts to derail last year’s revoloution.
“We will not allow any of those criminals to return to power,” he said. “We will continue to bring down what is left of the corruption and the corrupt regime. There is no real place for these criminals.”
The ruling, promptly enacted by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces – which has run the country since Mr Mubarak was overthrown – means that whoever wins that election will have no legislative body with which to work. It also annuls a 100-member assembly formed by lawmakers to draw up a new constitution that would define the president’s powers.
In a separate decision, the court also affirmed the rejection of a law passed by the Islamist-dominated parliament that would have barred former ranking officials of the Mubarak regime from running for higher office. This upheld the candidacy of Mr Shafiq, a former cabinet minister and premier.
The rulings – made by a judicial panel featuring several Mubarak appointees – sparked fears of a military-led counter-revolution.
“The supreme court’s decision is a full-scale coup,” Mohamed Beltagy, a top official of the Muslim Brotherhood, declared in a statement broadcast on state television.
“They [the military] are deluding themselves if they think the youth will let this pass,” Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, a former presidential candidate, said.
The court’s ruling centred on the one-third of seats that were meant to have been set aside for independents. Since candidates linked to the main parties had also been allowed to contest those seats, they were invalid, the court said.
After the parliamentary elections the Muslim Brotherhood ended up with nearly half the seats in the new assembly, with ultraconservative Islamists taking another 20 per cent.
“The People’s Assembly does not exist according to the power of the law,” said a court statement quoted on state television. Farouk Sultan, the head of the constitutional court, said: “The ruling regarding parliament includes the dissolution of the lower house of parliament in its entirety because the law upon which the elections were held is contrary to rules of the constitution.”
Egypt’s military rulers would need to call new parliamentary elections, he added.
“This is a clear move against the Brotherhood,” said Heba Morayef, a researcher for Human Rights Watch. “The military has struck at the Brotherhood’s power base.”