As for how gold (as money) would work, that's up to market forces again. As money gains in value, mining for more gold and getting more gold becomes profitable. More gold is extracted. As gold enters the system (as money) it then starts to lose purchasing power as there is more money chasing the same amount of goods. These opposing forces equilibrate. If there is too much of an increase in gold production, gold loses value and isn't worth mining. If there is a "shortage" of money, it increases in value and mining it becomes worth it again.
And when I speak of gold standard, I am not 100% dead-set on gold. I just argue for a commodity-backed standard, be it gold, silver, or any other thing.